http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acrocanthosaurus, http://dinosaurs.about.com/od/carnivorousdinosaurs/p/acrocanthosaurus.htm, http://animal.discovery.com/dinosaurs/acrocanthosaurus.htm, http://www.prehistoric-wildlife.com/species/a/acrocanthosaurus.html, http://www.dinochecker.com/dinosaurs/ACROCANTHOSAURUS, Mosters Resurrected: Great American Predator, The Audubon Society Pocket Guides Familiar Dinosaurs; by Alfred A. Knopf. Once the prey was trapped against the body, Acrocanthosaurus may have dispatched it with its jaws. While the brain is similar to many theropods, it is most similar to that of allosauroids. is related to them. [23][24], Tall spined vertebrae from the Early Cretaceous of England were once considered to be very similar to those of Acrocanthosaurus,[25] and in 1988 Gregory S. Paul named them as a second species of the genus, A. Dilophosaurus is an extinct genus of theropod dinosaur that lived during the Sinemurian age (early Jurassic period), around 193 million years ago. When flexed, the middle digit would converge towards the first digit, while the third digit would twist inwards. [20][21] This interpretation of Acrocanthosaurus as a spinosaurid persisted into the 1980s,[22] and was repeated in the semi-technical dinosaur books of the time. [2] Large theropod footprints discovered in Texas may have been made by Acrocanthosaurus, although there is no direct association with skeletal remains. [7], The skull of Acrocanthosaurus, like most other allosauroids, was long, low and narrow. However, the general features of the brain and cranial nerves could be determined from the endocast and compared to other theropods for which endocasts have been created. Just click here and right click on the image that opens in a new window and save to your computer.. Name: Titanoboa (Titan boa). The radius and ulna (forearm bones) locked together so that there was no possibility of pronation or supination (twisting) as in human forearms. Acrocanthosaurus had one feature that made it look very different from other theropods; the tall "sail" along its neck, back, and tail. This suggests that the family originated in Europe and then dispersed into the southern continents (at the time united as the supercontinent Gondwana). Most cladistic analyses including Acrocanthosaurus have found it to be a carcharodontosaurid, usually in a basal position relative to the African Carcharodontosaurus and Giganotosaurus from South America. Some of these spines were over a foot tall. They were taken to a nearby museum and were found to belong to a new species of very large theropod dinosaur. Therefore, they were not likely to have been used in the initial capture of prey and Acrocanthosaurus probably led with its mouth when hunting. For instance, the unrelated Spinosaurus had spines nearly 2 m (6.6 ft) tall, about 11 times taller than the bodies of its vertebrae. It lived in the Cretaceous period and inhabited South America . The sail was formed by very tall spines on the bones of the spine (vertebrae). [31] The study examined the bone surfaces which would have articulated with other bones to determine how far the joints could move without dislocating. All of the digits were able to hyperextend (bend backward) until they nearly touched the wrist. The outcome of this discovery shows that the Acrocanthosaurus' jaws were hanging onto one of the thighs of the sauropod while the it was running. Physical description Research on the few specimens suggested that they did not have […] Once prey had been seized in the jaws, the heavily muscled forelimbs may have retracted, holding the prey tightly against the body and preventing escape. Acrocanthosaurus is named after its tall neural spines, from the Greek ɑκρɑ/akra ('high'), ɑκɑνθɑ/akantha ('thorn' or 'spine') and σɑʊρος/sauros ('lizard'). Named By: Head - 2009. [34][35] It is impossible to say what animal made the prints, since no fossil bones have been associated with the trackways. These bones were originally assigned to Altispinax, an English theropod otherwise known only from teeth, and this assignment led to at least one author proposing that Altispinax itself was a synonym of Acrocanthosaurus. All known carcharodontosaurids lived during the early-to-middle Cretaceous Period. [14] If accounting for these lines, Acrocanthosaurus needed 18–24 years to be mature. It was originally placed in the family Allosauridae with Allosaurus, an arrangement also supported by studies as late as 2000. - James O. Farlow - 2001. Several preserved specimens have revealed a great deal of insight about the physical features an… [11] Many other teeth and bones from various geologic formations throughout the western United States have also been referred to Acrocanthosaurus, but most of these have been misidentified;[12] there is, however, some disagreement with this assessment regarding fossils from the Cloverly Formation. • A paper by Darren Naish and Mark Witton (Naish & Witton 2017) on Hatzegopteryx neck length and biomechanics, Naish D, Witton MP. Carcharodontosaurus (Car-care-o-dawn-toe-soar-uhs) (shark-toothed lizard) (also known as Carcharo/Char Char) is one of the largest carcharodontosaurids, some scientist proposed length estimates for the species of about 12 meters (39 ft) and weight estimate of 6 tons. The arm could not completely extend (straighten), nor could it flex (bend) very far, with the humerus unable even to form a right angle with the forearm. It is one of the largest carnivores of said family, and also the fifth largest of North America. The first (SMU 74646) is a partial skeleton, missing most of the skull, recovered from the Twin Mountains Formation of Texas and currently part of the Fort Worth Museum of Science and History collection. [1] The function of the spines remains unknown, although they may have been involved in communication, fat storage, muscle or temperature control. After determining the ranges of motion in the joints of the forelimb, the study went on to hypothesize about the predatory habits of Acrocanthosaurus. [37] Potential prey animals include sauropods like Astrodon[43] or possibly even the enormous Sauroposeidon,[44] as well as large ornithopods like Tenontosaurus. This discovery concluded that Acrocanthosaurus was known for hunting large sauropods, something that most carnivorous theropods would never do. This is more similar to carcharodontosaurids than to Allosaurus. They were taken to a nearby museum and were found to belong to a new species of very large theropod dinosaur. It is known primarily from one specimen, nicknamed 'Fran' which was discovered in Atoka County, Oklahoma by Cephis Hall and Sid Love in 1983. In one place, it looks like an Acrocanthosaurus stalked a large sauropod across a mud flat, possibly Sauroposeidon. Based on changes in ammonite taxa, the boundary between the Aptian and Albian stages of the Early Cretaceous has been located within the Glen Rose Formation of Texas, which may contain Acrocanthosaurus footprints and lies just above the Twin Mountains Formation. To other authors, the long spines on its vertebrae suggested a relationship with Spinosaurus. It was most likely the dominant North American predator of the Early Cretaceous. And in 2012, the pubic bones, vertebrae, and fibula of a juvenile Acrocanthosaurus were found in the Cloverly Formation in Wyoming, suggesting this theropod was the only large predator in this formation during the time of the dinosaurs. Acrocanthosaurus had one feature that made it look very different from other theropods; the tall "sail" along its neck, back, and tail. It has often been considered the sister taxon to the equally basal Eocarcharia, also from Africa. The acro was one of the largest theropods, measuring around 12 feet tall and 38 feet long from nose to tail end. [10] Several teeth from the Arundel Formation of Maryland have been described as almost identical to those of Acrocanthosaurus and may represent an eastern representative of the genus. Acrocanthosaurus was a very large theropod carcharodontosaurid (carnosaur) dinosaur from North America during the Early Cretaceous Period about 112 million years ago, from the Carcharodontosauridae. [42], Cacharodontosaurid theropod dinosaur genus from the Early Cretaceous period. Abrictosaurus generally lived within what is now the present Kingdom of Lesotho, which is politically included within South Africa ‘s own country. Long, low ridges arose from the nasal bones, running along each side of the snout from the nostril back to the eye, where they continued onto the lacrimal bones. The same can be said for the purported "herd" of sauropods, who also may or may not have been moving as a group. great work Acrocanthosaurus is one of my Favorites (and its not just because I'm a Texan, just an added bonus) What kinda clay did you use, and how'd you do the armature it looks amazing level 1 Its powerful hind legs supported its 4-ton frame, while its claws and serrated teeth made mincemeat of its prey. The forelimbs could not swing forward very far, unable even to scratch the animal's own neck. [15] The lower spines of Acrocanthosaurus had attachments for powerful muscles like those of modern bison, probably forming a tall, thick ridge down its back. Because of these finds, and because similar climatic conditions existed across the range during the early Cretaceous period, paleontologists believe Acrocanthosaurs lived throughout the entire Southeast, including North Carolina. [31] Other less probable theories have suggested the forelimb range of motion being able to grasp onto the side of a sauropod and clinging on to topple the sauropods of smaller stature, though this is unlikely due to Acrocanthosaurus having a rather robust leg structure compared to other similarly structured theropods. It was one of the largest bipedal carnivorous dinosaurs, with one mounted specimen reaching a length of possibly 11.5 meters (38 feet) and an estimated weight of 5.7 to 6.2 tonnes (6.3 to 6.8 tons), with an upper maximum weight of 7.25 t (7.99 tons) within the realm of possibility. However, it was first discovered in 1940s but hadn't gained any attention until its rediscovery a decade later. None of these dinosaurs lived at the same time — or in the same area. Acrocanthosaurus was a bipedal predator. Acrocanthosaurus was designed to attack prey that weighed over 30 tonnes such as Sauroposeidon. The 35 foot-long Acrocanthosaurus may have hunted sauropod dinosaurs, such as Astrodon. [7], The most notable feature of Acrocanthosaurus was its row of tall neural spines, located on the vertebrae of the neck, back, hips and upper tail, which could be more than 2.5 times the height of the vertebrae from which they extended.
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